The aim of the study is to determine the cantilever load required for bending five different nickel-titanium (NiTi) rotary instruments (laboratory test) and to calculate maximum von Mises stresses due to bending moment and vertical displacement (deflection) (theoretically by FEA) and compare both results. Flexibility of the endodontic files could be assessed via laboratory test or indicated theoretically by finite element analysis (FEA). These tests include Ishihara, D15, Holmes-Wright Lantern (type A and B) and AS-HRR Plates.Flexibility during bending is a critical feature that influences the performance and safety of endodontic nickel-titanium rotary instruments. Other relevant testsĪlthough the CAD test is a sufficient assessment of colour vision on its own, the full colour vision assessment includes a range of other more familiar tests to confirm results with increased specificity and indication of the extent of any damage caused by disease. The CAD test includes clear certification limits for pilots and air traffic controllers, as well as age corrected ‘normal’ ranges from 6 to 85 years. Its 100% sensitivity allows the CAD test to pick up on very low level colour deficiencies which other tests may pass by unnoticed and means that even if your results show some level of colour deficiency you may still be able to take on jobs where colour sensitivity is vital. Colour Vision Assessment (including CAD and additional tests)Īs part of the Colour Vision Assessment, the CAD test employs a new approach to colour vision assessment by completely isolating the use of colour signals in the eye so that it can accurately detect both congenital and acquired colour deficiency, your class of colour vision, so whether you have normal trichromatic vision, deutan-, protan- or tritan- like deficiency or an acquired loss of chromatic sensitivity, and the severity of any colour vision loss.
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