Subsequent to the partition of India, the waters of the Indus river system were allocated river wise, with certain stipulations, as per the Indus Water Treaty (1960), between India and Pakistan. While the surface water temperature varies between 22.2–25.1 ☌ (72.0–77.2 ☏), the incoming river water has a temperature range of 6–26 ☌ (42.8–78.8 ☏). The reservoir stretch is 42 km long (26 mi) with a maximum width of 19 km (11.8 mi), and with a mean depth of 35.7 m (117 ft). The dam acts as a sponge for flood flows, and reservoir regulation prevents the inundation of surrounding upland areas from routine flooding during the monsoon season.
The project area experiences hot summers, with maximum temperature of 40 ☌ (104 ☏), with hot and humid climate. Monsoon rainfall between July and September is a major source of water supply into the reservoir, apart from snow and glacier melt. The reservoir drains a catchment area of 12,561 km 2 (4,850 sq mi), out of which the permanent snow catchment is 780 km 2 (301 sq mi). The river traverses a total length of about 116 km (72 mi) from the source to the Pong Dam. The river flows from the Beas Kund near Rohtang Pass, in the upper Himalayas, and traverses generally in a north–south direction until Largi, from where it turns sharply at nearly a right angle and flows in a westerly direction up to the Pong Dam. The Beas River, on which the Pong Dam is located, is one of the five major rivers of the Indus basin. Hydrology and engineering features Hydrology The reservoir is bounded by the rugged Dhauladhar mountain range, the low foothills of the Himalaya on the northern edge of the Indo-Gangetic plains, and the mountain streams cutting through valleys. Maharana Pratap Lake to Bharmar Distance 12 km. Distance from Jwalamukhi – 12 Km (7.45mi)Īpart from the airports at Chandigrah and Amritsar which are far off, the closest airport to the reservoir is Pathankot and Gaggal.Distance from Chintapurni – 18 km (11.3 mi).Distance from Dharamsala – 55 km (34.2 mi).Distance from Amritsar – 110 km (68.4 mi).Distance from Chandigarh – 272.9 km (169.5 mi).Distance from Shimla – 233.2 km (144.9 mi).
The reservoir is connected by a good network of roads to major cities in Himachal Pradesh and Punjab. Nagrota Surian and Jawali, located on the periphery of the reservoir, are connected by a narrow gauge railway line, on the Kangra railway line, which connects Pathankot to Jogindernagar. The closest railway stations to the project are Mukerian, at 30 km (18.6 mi), and Pathankot, at 32 km (19.9 mi).
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